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Secondary Active Transport

By: HWC, Views: 7985

Energy stored (in a hydrogen or sodium concentration gradient) is used to drive other substances against their own concentration gradients Secondary active transport, is transport of molecules across the cell membrane utilizing energy in other forms than ATP. In many cells, antiporters mov...

Optic Nerve and Optic Disk Animation (Part 2 of 2)

By: Administrator, Views: 10441

The optic disc or optic nerve head is the point of exit for ganglion cell axons leaving the eye. Because there are no rods or cones overlying the optic disc, it corresponds to a small blind spot in each eye. The ganglion cell axons form the optic nerve after they leave the eye. The optic disc ...

Neuron Structure Animation

By: Administrator, Views: 10761

There are several types of neurons, three of which are: Motor neurons, Sensory neurons, Interneurons. The nervous system is usually described as having two interconnected divisions: the central nervous system (CNS) and the peripheral nervous system (PNS). CNS: Includes the brain and spinal...

Replication of DNA and Chromosomes/ How do cells replicate their DNA? (Animation) no Audio

By: HWC, Views: 7177

DNA replication in E. coil begins at a site called oriC where a replication bubble forms. At either end of this bubble is a replication fork. Since DNA polymerase Ill can read its DNA template strand only in the 3' to 5' direction this means that one strand (leading) can be read continuously b...

baroreceptors

By: HWC, Views: 7204

A baroreceptor is a specialized nerve ending that allows your brain to sense blood flow and blood pressure in the major blood vessels of your circulatory system. • The aortic arch carries blood to the body. • The common carotids carry blood to the head. • Baroreceptors measure chang...

Muscle Fatigue and Recovery

By: HWC, Views: 7227

• After prolonged activity, muscle contraction weakens, and the muscle enters a state of fatigue. • Fatigue results from in muscle cells, such as: • Inadequate release of calcium ions • Depletion of energy sources • Lack of oxygen • Build up of lactic acid other metabolic w...

Embryonic development - Weeks 5 to 8

By: HWC, Views: 7522

• The second month of development is characterized by rapid development of the head and limbs as well as continued organogenesis. • During the fifth and sixth weeks growth of the brain, and therefore head, is rapid. • Hands and feets begin to form. • During week seven, even more deve...

Multiple Sclerosis Animation

By: Administrator, Views: 10702

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating disease in which the insulating covers of nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord are damaged. This damage disrupts the ability of parts of the nervous system to communicate, resulting in a range of signs and symptoms, including physical, mental, and so...

Glucose anabolism reactions: Glycogenolysis and Gluconeogenesis

By: HWC, Views: 7780

• Glucose not needed immediately is stored as glycogen. The process that creates it is glycogenesis. • When ATP is needed for body activities, stored glycogen is broken down by a process called glycogenolysis. • Glucose can be formed through two different anabolic reactions: • Glycog...