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Primary and secondary response to infection

By: HWC, Views: 7485

• Pathogens enter the body by penetrating the non-specific barriers in the skin and mucus membranes. • Pathogens first encounter macrophages and natural killer cells that carry out phagocytosis and cytolysis respectively. • A pathogen's first encounter with the immune system can promo...

Inflammation Animation

By: Administrator, Views: 10712

Inflammation is caused by a number of physical reactions triggered by the immune system in response to a physical injury or an infection. Inflammation does not necessarily mean that there is an infection, but an infection can cause inflammation.

Inflammation

By: Administrator, Views: 11036

Inflammation is part of the body's immune response. Infections, wounds, and any damage to tissue would not be able to heal without an inflammatory response. Chronic inflammation can eventually cause several diseases and conditions, including some cancers and rheumatoid arthritis.

Fertilization and Development

By: HWC, Views: 8086

• Fertilization is the process by which the two gametes from the parents fuse their genetic material to form a new individual (zygote). • Fertilization requires that sperm cells swimming through the uterine tube contact a secondary oocyte. • Once sperm penetrate the secondary oocyte's ...

Cell mediated immune response to a viral infection Animation

By: HWC, Views: 3760

Intracellular pathogens are the targets of cell-mediated immune response. The process begins when a virus infects a macrophage. Another macrophage engulfs the same virus or an antigen from it. In both cells, enzymes cleave the viral antigens into small bits. The fragments move to the cell sur...

Protein Secondary and Tertiary Structures - Animation

By: HWC, Views: 3918

Amino acid sequence dictates a protein's final shape. The presence of certain amino acids favors a pattern of hydrogen bonding that causes part of the polypeptide chain to coil and twist into an alpha helix. The presence of other amino acids enables hydrogen bonding between strand like r...

Plant Defense Mechanisms from Pathogens

By: HWC, Views: 7193

Plants and pathogens have coevolved such that pathogens can recognize plants by the sugars, or other molecules, they produce. Plants, in turn, can recognize pathogens by the molecules they produce. The ability to recognize pathogens allows plants to activate defense systems that can prevent wides...

Secondary and tertiary levels of protein structure Animation

By: HWC, Views: 1649

Amino acid sequence dictates a protein's final shape. The presence of certain amino acids favors a pattern of hydrogen bonding that causes part of the polypeptide chain to coil and twist into an alpha helix. The presence of other amino acids enables hydrogen bonding between strand like re...

Phases of the ovarian cycle

By: HWC, Views: 8079

• The ovarian cycle is a monthly sequence of events, consisting of three phases: • Preovulatory • Ovulatory • Post ovulatory Preovulatory phase • prior to ovulation: Primary follicles develop into secondary follicles. • Follicular cells surrounding the primary oocyte In...