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Pressure volume relationships - Normal inspiration and expiration

By: HWC, Views: 6595

• Changing the relative pressure in the compartments can control the direction of airflow between compartments. • In a closed compartment, pressure and volume are inversely related. • Reducing the volume will increase the pressure. • Increasing the volume will decrease the pressure. ...

Forming urine ( influencing factors), Forming dilute urine & Forming concentrated urine

By: HWC, Views: 7122

• The amount of urine produced by the nephron depends on : • Body fluid volume. • Body fluid composition. • Dilute urine is formed when the body is normally hydrated. • The medullary osmotic gradient determines the osmolarity of the filtrate. • Filtrate osmolarity increase...

The primary factors that affect circulation - MABP, CO and SVR

By: HWC, Views: 6954

Introduction Blood flow is determined by the relative intensities of factors that drive and resist moving blood. • Cardiac output (CO) equals the mean arterial blood pressure (MABP, a driving force) divided by systemic vascular resistance (SVR, a resisting force). • Hormones and the cen...

Structures that affect circulation - kidneys, blood volume and venous tone

By: HWC, Views: 6648

• Kidneys regulate blood volume and blood osmolarity via salt and water reabsorption. • Increased reabsorption increases blood volume and venous return (and CO). • Decreased reabsorption increases urine production, which decreases blood volume and venous return (and CO). • Systemi...

Isovolumetric VC, Ventricular ejection, Isovolumetric & Passive ventricular filling

By: HWC, Views: 6643

• Isovolumetric means that blood volume does not change. • Ventricular blood volume and cell length remain constant. • With valves closed and contraction continuing, ventricular pressure continues to rise. • Ventricular pressure rises above arterial pressure. • Increased ventr...

Renin/Angiotensin (water gain from urine & Na ion and water reabsorption)

By: HWC, Views: 6570

• Sensing declining blood pressure or blood volume, juxtaglomerular cells of the nephron release renin, an enzyme that promotes the formation of angiotensin II. • Angiotensin II targets smooth muscle cells in blood vessels that provide blood to the nephron. • Angiotensin II causes thes...

What is an ecosystem?

By: HWC, Views: 6526

An ecosystem is a community of organisms and their environment. The community forms the living component of the ecosystem. These are called the 'biotic' factors, which means all of the living things in the ecosystem. The environment forms the nonliving component of the ecosystem, such as ...

Structures that affect circulation - kidneys and blood volume and skeletal muscle pumping

By: HWC, Views: 7231

• Kidneys regulate blood volume and blood osmolarity via salt and water reabsorption. • Increased reabsorption increases blood volume and venous return (and CO). • Decreased reabsorption Increases urine production, which decreases blood volume and venous return (and CO). • Systemi...

Genetics of Cancer

By: Administrator, Views: 9797

Cancer refers to any malignant tumor. Incidence of cancer is five times higher than 100 years ago. Strikes 1 of every 3 Americans. Has become one of the more treatable of the major diseases in the U.S. Highly advanced surgical techniques Chemotherapy and radiation therapy Immunotherapy and ...