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Normal and abnormal blood pH

By: HWC, Views: 7942

• Dissociation of the chemical substances in the body fluids can result in the production of free hydrogen ions. • The pH scale is used to measure the concentration of hydrogen ions in solution. • Normal blood pH values vary around 7.4. • When hydrogen ion concentration increases, t...

Rods and Cones Animation

By: Administrator, Views: 11300

A photoreceptor cell is a specialized type of neuroepithelial cell found in the retina that is capable of visual phototransduction. The great biological importance of photoreceptors is that they convert light (visible electromagnetic radiation) into signals that can stimulate biological processes...

Nerve Impulse Transmission Animation

By: Administrator, Views: 11278

How nerves transmit impulses. Stimulation of a nerve occurs at a receptor. Sensory receptors Specialized to specific types of stimulation such as heat, cold, light, pressure, or pain. React by initiating a chemical change or impulse. All-or-none principle Means that no transmission occ...

Role of the respiratory system - effect of altered ventilation rates

By: HWC, Views: 7736

• Dissociation of the chemical substances in the body fluids can result in the production of free hydrogen ions. • The pH scale is used to measure the concentration of hydrogen ions in solution. • Normal blood pH values vary around 7.4. • When hydrogen ion concentration increases, t...

Role of transport in a cell

By: HWC, Views: 8015

Transport of chemicals across the plasma membrane provides the following functions: Importing molecules for the maintenance of metabolic processes. Exporting chemicals produced by the cell or waste products. Communicating with other cells, allowing for the generation and conduction of a...

Virtual Enzyme Kinetics & Lineweaver Burk Plot

By: HWC, Views: 7462

• The double-reciprocal (also known as the Lineweaver-Burk) plot is created by plotting the inverse initial velocity (1/V0) as a function of the inverse of the substrate concentration (1/[S]). • This plot is a useful way to determined different inhibitors such as competitive, uncompetitive...

Chemical Equilibrium between N2O4 (colorless gas) and NO2 (brown gas)

By: HWC, Views: 7121

For a system at equilibrium: ◆ both forward and reverse reactions are occurring simultaneously ◆ rate of forward reaction must equal rate of reverse reaction OR Rate forward = Rate reverse ◆ concentrations of reactants and products remain constant with time the equilibrium positio...

Neurotransmission at chemical synapses & Excitory and inhibitory potentials

By: HWC, Views: 7803

• A series of events occur at chemical synapses in order to communicate with the adjacent cell. • The action potential arrives at the presynaptic membrane. • The depolarization phase of the action potential opens voltage gated Ca+ channels. • increased inflow of Ca+' into the cyto...

Protein Structure - Primary, Secondary, Tertiary and Quaternary

By: HWC, Views: 7809

A protein's first order structure, or primary structure, begins with the amino acid sequence of the polypeptide chain. The 20 different amino acids can be arranged in an infinite number of sequences. For example, the hormone insulin, which regulates the uptake of glucose from the blood into ce...