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Griffith's experiments

By: HWC, Views: 3797

In the late 1920s, Fred Griffith was attempting to develop a vaccine against a bacterium that causes pneumonia. To find out why two strains of the bacteria differed in their deadliness, he injected mice with four different mixtures. Mice injected with R cells remained healthy. When Griffith ex...

Cell mediated immune response to a viral infection Animation

By: HWC, Views: 2707

Intracellular pathogens are the targets of cell-mediated immune response. The process begins when a virus infects a macrophage. Another macrophage engulfs the same virus or an antigen from it. In both cells, enzymes cleave the viral antigens into small bits. The fragments move to the cell sur...

Introduction to Insulin

By: Administrator, Views: 10335

The islets of Langerhans are composed of three major types of cells: Alpha cells secrete glucagon, elevating blood sugar. Beta cells secrete insulin, maintaining normal blood sugar. Delta cells secrete somatostatin, which suppresses release of glucagon and insulin. Hyposecretion or inadequa...

Bipolar Disorder

By: Administrator, Views: 9928

Bipolar disorder, previously known as manic depression, is a mental disorder that causes periods of depression and periods of abnormally elevated mood. The elevated mood is significant and is known as mania or hypomania, depending on its severity, or whether symptoms of psychosis are present. Dur...

Red Blood Cells - Erythropoietin (EPO)

By: HWC, Views: 6687

• The endocrine system maintains many body conditions within normal limits with feedback loops. Each endocrine feedback loop maintains homeostasis using the following components: • Stimulus - a change in a body condition. • Production cell - an endocrine cell that produces a hormone aft...

Vascular tissues in a corn stem and a buttercup root

By: HWC, Views: 1167

Vascular tissues in a corn stem and a buttercup root. The cells that make up each tissue. Xylem conducts water and dissolved ions. It also helps mechanically support a plant. The cells, called vessel members and tracheids, are dead at maturity. Their lignified walls interconnect and serve as p...

Bone cells and tissues - tissue composition and cells

By: HWC, Views: 7445

Bone tissue consists of bone cells secreting bone matrix. • The extracellular bone matrix is a connective tissue that is hard, yet flexible. • Collagen fibers provide flexibility. • Inorganic mineral salts (primarily calcium phosphate, or hydroxyapatite) provide hardness. • Togethe...

Inflammatory response Animation

By: HWC, Views: 3214

Any tissue damage or bacterial invasion can bring about inflammation. The inflammatory response can be triggered by an invasion of bacteria, or by a cut or other physical damage to cells. Chemicals, such as histamine, released by the bacteria or damaged cells. accumulate in the tissue. Thes...

Type of Cell Junctions - Desmosome, Hemidesmosomes and Gap Junctions

By: HWC, Views: 7020

Cell Junctions: Cell junctions are found in some multi-cellular organisms. They exist of complexes and are found between cells and between cells and other structures. The junctions provide a way for cells to connect and exchange signals. What are tight junctions, desmosomes, and gap junctions...