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Hormonal regulation of pregnancy - weeks 2 through 38

By: HWC, Views: 7136

Weeks 2 through 16 • During the first few months of pregnancy, estrogen and progesterone are secreted primarily by the corpus luteum. • These hormones act to maintain nutritional support for the embryo and fetus. • hCG production increases, peaking at 8 weeks. • hCG triggers the c...

Atrial natriuretic peptide (vasodilation) & Aldosterone

By: HWC, Views: 6350

• Certain situations will cause the body's stress level to rise. • increased blood pressure will stretch the atria of the heart, stimulating the secretion of atria natriuretic peptide (MP). • ANP causes muscle cells in blood vessels to relax. • Blood pressure is lowered as a result ...

Neural regulation of mechanical digestion- CNS voluntary, ANS & ENS controlled involuntary movements

By: HWC, Views: 6593

• The gastrointestinal [GI] tract is basically a muscular tube that contains and processes food as it moves from the mouth to the anus. • Mechanical digestive functions consist of both voluntary and involuntary muscle contractions and relaxation including: • Chewing and swallowing food....

Atrophy

By: Administrator, Views: 9474

Atrophy is the partial or complete wasting away of a part of the body. Causes of atrophy include mutations (which can destroy the gene to build up the organ), poor nourishment, poor circulation, loss of hormonal support, loss of nerve supply to the target organ, excessive amount of apoptosis of c...

Methods that regulate pH

By: HWC, Views: 6837

• The blood flow redistributes fluids that have different pH values between body regions. • The regulation of the blood pH is important to maintain homeostasis. • Blood pH is regulated by: • Chemical buffers. • The respiratory system. • The urinary system. • All thes...

Gas exchange - partial pressure, locations, external and internal respiration

By: HWC, Views: 6834

▪ In a mixture, each individual gas exerts a pressure that is proportional to the concentration of that gas within the mixture. • This part of the total pressure is called a "partial pressure". • A gas moves along the part of the pressure gradient determined by its own concentration. ...

Pressure volume relationships - Normal inspiration and expiration

By: HWC, Views: 6596

• Changing the relative pressure in the compartments can control the direction of airflow between compartments. • In a closed compartment, pressure and volume are inversely related. • Reducing the volume will increase the pressure. • Increasing the volume will decrease the pressure. ...

Baroreceptor Reflex

By: HWC, Views: 6026

Baroreceptors located In the carotid sinus and the arch of the aorta respond to increases in blood pressure. Increased blood pressure stretches the carotid arteries and aorta causing the baroreceptors to increase their basal rate of action potential generation. Action potentials are conduct...

Heart Chambers

By: Administrator, Views: 9735

Circulation of blood through the chambers of the heart Septum divides heart into the right and left heart. Each side contains an upper and lower chamber: Atria, or upper chambers, receive blood. Ventricles, or lower chambers, pump blood. Valves control intake and outflow of blood in chamber...