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Depolarization of the SA node, Action potentials of the myocardium & ANS effects

By: HWC, Views: 7626

• A typical contractile cell in the myocardium has a resting membrane potential. • The resting membrane potential of cells in the SA node is not fixed, and is known as the pacemaker potential. • The action potential of a healthy SA nodal cell has three parts: • Pacemaker potential: ...

Glucose Evaluation Procedure

By: Administrator, Views: 10910

Hb A1C Test Blood test used to: diagnose diabetes identify people at risk of developing diabetes monitor how well blood sugar levels are being controlled by the diabetic patient Fasting Blood Sugar (FBS) Test performed on blood to determine the level of sugar in the bloodstream. Also ref...

Heart Chambers

By: Administrator, Views: 10748

Circulation of blood through the chambers of the heart Septum divides heart into the right and left heart. Each side contains an upper and lower chamber: Atria, or upper chambers, receive blood. Ventricles, or lower chambers, pump blood. Valves control intake and outflow of blood in chamber...

Acid-base imbalances - compensation of metabolic acidosis and alkalosis

By: HWC, Views: 7989

1. Metabolic acidosis: • Few HC03- ions are present so blood pH becomes acidic. • Compensation is increased respiratory rate and more CO2 is removed from the blood. • Blood pH returns to normal. 2. Metabolic alkalosis: • Many HC03- ions are present so blood pH becomes alkaline...

Role of the respiratory system - effect of altered ventilation rates

By: HWC, Views: 7582

• Dissociation of the chemical substances in the body fluids can result in the production of free hydrogen ions. • The pH scale is used to measure the concentration of hydrogen ions in solution. • Normal blood pH values vary around 7.4. • When hydrogen ion concentration increases, t...

Glomerular filtrate rate: pressures that affect GFR, NFP & GFR and blood composition

By: HWC, Views: 8202

• The glomerular filtration rate is the amount of filtrate formed per minute within the renal corpuscle. • Once the filtrate is formed it moves down the tubule. • The production and movement of filtrate depends on three pressures: I. Glomerular blood hydrostatic pressure (GBHP) is ...

Cardiac Cycle (Part 4 of 4)

By: Administrator, Views: 10871

Diastole and systole are two phases of the cardiac cycle. They occur as the heart beats, pumping blood through a system of blood vessels that carry blood to every part of the body. Systole occurs when the heart contracts to pump blood out, and diastole occurs when the heart relaxes after contract...

Acid-base imbalances - compensation of respiratory acidosis and alkalosis

By: HWC, Views: 7850

• When one pH balancing system is affected then the other balancing system attempts to correct, or compensate for, the pH imbalance. - Respiratory acidosis: • Excessive CO2 is present so blood pH becomes acidic. • Compensation is increased secretion of H+ into urine and reabsorption ...

Cognitive development by Piaget (Preoperational stage or intelligence)

By: HWC, Views: 6932

The next stage of cognitive development proposed by Piaget, is the preoperational stage, roughly between the ages of 2 and 7. At this stage Piaget asserted that a child has what he called preoperational intelligence. hey can mentally representing objects, but do not have a system for organising...