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Embryonic development - Week 4

By: HWC, Views: 7938

• The flat trilaminar embryonic disc undergoes embryonic folding to form a three-dimensional cylinder shaped embryo. • Most organ systems continue, or start, to develop (organogenesis): • The nervous system and chorion continue to develop. • The heart and the rest of the cardiovas...

Stroke volume

By: HWC, Views: 7724

Preload definition • Preload is the degree of stretch of cardiac muscles cells prior to contraction. • The amount of stretch is related to the end-diastolic volume[EDV]. • Increased return blood flow from the veins increases end-diastolic volume. Cardiac muscle sarcomeres stretch and ...

TRH/TSH/Thyroid hormone

By: HWC, Views: 7251

Thyroid hormone production • A decline in metabolic rate caused by increased metabolic need or physical exertion stimulates the production of thyrotropin hormone releasing (TRH) hormone from the cells of the hypothalamus. • Thyrotropin hormone releasing hormone targets the thyrotrophic ce...

Multiple Sclerosis Animation

By: Administrator, Views: 10967

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating disease in which the insulating covers of nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord are damaged. This damage disrupts the ability of parts of the nervous system to communicate, resulting in a range of signs and symptoms, including physical, mental, and so...

Bulk flow - Factors that influence bulk flow

By: HWC, Views: 7930

• Bulk flow helps regulate the relative volumes of blood and interstitial fluid. • Flow from blood to interstitium is called filtration. ■ Flow from interstitium to blood is called reabsorption. ■ Four factors determine the net direction of capillary exchange. ■ These factors in...

Embryonic development - Week 3

By: HWC, Views: 7755

Week 3 (gastrulation) • Three primary germ layers are formed which provide cells for organ formation in the following months. • These germ cell layers are formed by a process known as gastrulation, which involves rearranging epiblast cells. • As cells from the epiblast migrate, a fain...

How antibiotics works? 💊

By: HWC, Views: 7437

The Crisis in Antibiotic Resistance More than 70 years ago, Alexander Fleming discovered penicillin. A few decades later, when this antibiotic was used in World War II, Fleming's discovery had revolutionized medicine. No longer did people have to die from something as trivial as an infected cut.Y...

How proteins function? How do proteins work?

By: HWC, Views: 7385

How proteins function is really about how proteins "do work" in cells. How do proteins work? Let's start thinking about protein function by looking at something important to you: your hair. Keratin is a structural protein that is composed of 2 intertwined or helical strands. Keratin is also f...

Stroke volume - afterload definition & hypertension

By: HWC, Views: 7191

• Pressure (or other resisting force) that ventricles must overcome to push open semilunar valves and eject blood. ▪ Normally, the left ventricle blood pressure must overcome arterial pressure in the aorta. ▪ Abnormally high blood pressure, or hypertension, increases aortic pressure w...