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Mitochondrial Structure & ETC Protein Complexes (Protein Complexes and Electron Transport)

By: HWC, Views: 7360

The energy carrying molecules, NADH and FADH2, that were generated in glycolysis and the Krebs cycle, now are processed in the mitochondria where their high energy electrons are deposited in an electron chain complex located in the inner mitochondrial membranes. These high-energy electrons now dr...

Digestive chemicals - water, gastric acid, bile & bicarbonate

By: HWC, Views: 7444

• Water is the most abundant molecule in ingested fluids. • Water plays a primary role in hydrolytic digestive reactions. • Helps liquefy and transport digestive foodstuffs down the tract. • Transports secretions from accessory digestive organs to gastrointestinal tract. • Aids ...

Major Elements in Biological Molecules: Nucleic acids

By: HWC, Views: 7638

DNA and RNA are nucleic acids (polymers of nucleotides). Two polymers with complementary nucleotide sequences can pair with each other. This pairing endows nucleic acids with the ability to store, transmit, and retrieve genetic information. Two strands of DNA pair by hydrogen bonding. A compon...

Proteins Defined, Hierarchy & Composition of Cells

By: HWC, Views: 7210

Proteins are long chains of amino acids linked together by peptide bonds. Together with the other three biological macromolecules—carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids—proteins are the building blocks of cells. Proteins are the most complex and abundant biological macromolecules in cel...

Major Elements in Biological Molecules: Proteins

By: HWC, Views: 7151

Proteins are chains of amino acids linked by peptide bonds. The 20 different amino acids used to make all proteins differ only in their side chains, and the properties of these side chains account for the great diversity of protein structure and function. Collagen is an example of how a prote...

Semidiscontinuous DNA replication

By: HWC, Views: 7351

During DNA replication, one of the two DNA strands, the leading strand, is replicated continuously, or all at once, in the 5' to 3' direction. The other strand, called the lagging strand, is replicated discontinuously, or in pieces, in the 3' to 5' direction. This is necessary because DNA poly...

Olfaction. or the sense of smell

By: HWC, Views: 5166

Do you ever wonder how you can distinguish thousands of different odors? Olfaction. or the sense of smell, is used by all mammals to navigate, find food, and even find mates. We have millions of olfactory receptors for smelling in our nose. These receptor neurons bind water-soluble or volatil...

The Lac Operon in E. Coli

By: Administrator, Views: 11800

The lac operon (lactose operon) is an operon required for the transport and metabolism of lactose in Escherichia coli and many other enteric bacteria. Although glucose is the preferred carbon source for most bacteria, the lac operon allows for the effective digestion of lactose when glucose is no...