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Glucagon (glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis)

By: HWC, Views: 7605

• Exercise, or not having eaten recently, causes a decline in blood glucose concentration. • Low blood glucose stimulates alpha cells in the pancreatic islets to secrete glucagon. • Glucagon targets liver cells. • Glucagon causes liver cells to undergo: • Glycogenolysis, a proce...

Integumentary Anatomy

By: Administrator, Views: 11000

The integumentary system comprises the skin and its appendages acting to protect the body from various kinds of damage, such as loss of water or damages from outside. The integumentary system includes hair, scales, feathers, hooves, and nails. It has a variety of additional functions; it may serv...

Phlebotomy

By: Administrator, Views: 10862

How blood is taken from a patient. Phlebotomy is the process of making an incision in a vein with a needle. The procedure itself is known as a venipuncture.

Introduction to Sickle Cell Anemia

By: Administrator, Views: 11168

Sickle cell anemia (sickle cell disease) is a disorder of the blood caused by an inherited abnormal hemoglobin (the oxygen-carrying protein within the red blood cells). The abnormal hemoglobin causes distorted (sickled appearing under a microscope) red blood cells.

Role of the urinary system - acidosis and alkalosis

By: HWC, Views: 7964

• Tubular cells of the proximal convoluted tubule and collecting tubules can alter filtrate pH and therefore blood pH. • These cells can affect blood pH with two coupled mechanisms: • Reabsorption of bicarbonate ions. • Secretion of hydrogen ions. • The reabsorption of bicarbonate...

Insulin (glucose uptake by body cells), glycogenesis and lipogenesis

By: HWC, Views: 7842

Insulin is the regulator that allows the sugar from the foods we eat (be it a piece of cake or a stick of celery) to enter our tissues and become part of the metabolic process. Insulin is made by the Islets of Langerhans, which are found in the pancreas of every person. As we previously mentio...

Parathyroid hormone (bone resorption) & Calcitonin (bone deposition)

By: HWC, Views: 7704

• Cellular needs for calcium may cause blood calcium concentrations to decline below the normal range. • This decrease stimulates cells in the parathyroid gland to secrete parathyroid hormone. • Binding of parathyroid hormone to osteoclasts in bone tissue promotes bone resorption and th...

Effect of blood chemistry - stimuli, hyperventilation response and hypoventilation response

By: HWC, Views: 7454

• Respiratory rate is effected by changes in: • Blood pH. • Blood Pco2. • Blood P02. • Chemoreceptors in the central and peripheral nervous systems closely monitor the Fr, CO2 and 02 levels in blood. • Changes in frequency of impulses from Chemoreceptors affect respiratory r...

Dietary Cholesterol & LDL

By: HWC, Views: 7064

LDL comprises 60–70% of total blood lipoproteins and is responsible for carrying cholesterol particles throughout your body. Having a lot of cholesterol carried by LDL lipoproteins is associated with an increased risk of heart disease. In fact, the higher the level, the greater the risk. ...