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Cell mediated immune response to a viral infection Animation

By: HWC, Views: 3750

Intracellular pathogens are the targets of cell-mediated immune response. The process begins when a virus infects a macrophage. Another macrophage engulfs the same virus or an antigen from it. In both cells, enzymes cleave the viral antigens into small bits. The fragments move to the cell sur...

Ear Animation

By: Administrator, Views: 11986

The ear is generally described as having three distinct divisions, each with distinct functions: External ear Middle ear Inner ear The ear contains structures for both the sense of hearing and the sense of balance. Eighth cranial nerve: Also called the acoustic or auditory nerve. Carries...

Transferring genes into plants Animation

By: HWC, Views: 5080

Researchers extract DNA from an organism that has a trait they want to introduce into a plant. The genetic donor can be a bacterial cell, a plant cell. or even an animal cell. The desired gene will be transferred into a plasmid, a small circle of bacterial DNA. The gene is cut out of th...

Egg and Sperm Formations in Animals Animation

By: HWC, Views: 1970

Inside the ovaries of a female animal are diploid germ cells called oogonia. An oogonium grows to become a primary oocyte. This large cell is still diploid. Meiosis I followed by unequal cytoplasmic division produces one large secondary oocyte and a smaller polar body. Both are haploid. ...

Pneumonia Animation

By: Administrator, Views: 10699

Pneumonia is an inflammatory condition of the lung affecting primarily the small air sacs known as alveoli. Typically symptoms include some combination of productive or dry cough, chest pain, fever, and trouble breathing. Severity is variable. In adults, bacteria are the most common causes of ...

Congenital Heart Defects Animation

By: Administrator, Views: 10905

Pulse, blood pressure, and respiration vary according to the child’s age. A newborn’s pulse rate is irregular and rapid, varying from 120 to 140 beats per minute. Blood pressure is low and can vary with the size of the cuff used. Average blood pressure at birth is 80/46. Respirations are ...

Fractures Animation

By: Administrator, Views: 10672

Types of fractures: - Colles' - Pott's - Compression - Vertebral compression - Epiphyseal - Stress - Hip Closed, or simple–A completely internal break that does not involve a break in the skin (x-ray of the tibia and fibula). Note the break in the fibula (smaller bone). Open, or co...

Mechanisms for chromosome movement Animation

By: HWC, Views: 4728

At mitotic metaphase, the fully-formed spindle is composed of many microtubules that extend from the poles. Some of these, the kinetochore microtubules, are attached to the kinetochores of each chromosome. Kinetochores are located at the centromeres. At anaphase, sister chromatids separate and...

Apicomplexan life cycle Animation

By: HWC, Views: 2039

Malaria is caused by the sporozoan, Plasmodium. It is transferred to humans by mosquitoes. When an infected mosquito feeds, infective sporozoites move from her salivary glands into the human body. The bloodstream carries the sporozoites to the liver. Here, they reproduce asexually and...