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HIV replication/ Replication cycle of HIV

By: HWC, Views: 4920

Replication cycle of HIV, one of the retroviruses. The HIV virus is surrounded by a lipid envelope with embedded proteins. A coat of viral proteins surrounds two strands of RNA and the enzymes used during replication. The virus attaches to and enters the host cell. Viral reverse trans...

Glycolysis - Introduction to ATP and the burning of sugar

By: HWC, Views: 7860

Do you use sugar with your coffee or tea? Or do you occasionally drink a sport or soft drink? As millions of people do each day, they obtain energy from the sugar added or contained in these drinks. How can we understand this concept of energy within a sugar molecule? Let's take a tablespoon ...

Trunk Movement Animation

By: Administrator, Views: 517

Muscles responsible for trunk and abdominal movement.

Hand Opposition Animation

By: Administrator, Views: 273

Opposition is a composite of the following two motions: Rotation of the thumb into pronation so that the pulp fingers of the thumb and index fingers face one another. Abduction or lifting of the thumb away from the palm of the hand (palmar abduction).

Types of disease resistance: innate defenses & immunity

By: HWC, Views: 7976

Our immune system protects us and helps fight off disease. Microorganisms, small microscopic organisms, and viruses are everywhere. Ever thought about how many are on that door you just opened? Many microbes and viruses can cause disease and are termed pathogens. Plants and animals have what i...

Membrane transport proteins - pores, gated channels and pumps

By: HWC, Views: 7859

• a Three different types of membrane ion transport proteins are required to produce and carry electrical signals: • Pores • Gated channels • Na+/ K+ pump • Pores are always open and allow the diffusion of Na+ and K+ ions across the membrane, down their concentration gradients...

Stress and Immune System Animation

By: Administrator, Views: 10941

How stress and the immune system are linked. Immune response declines with age, limiting body's ability to identify and fight foreign substances. Loss of thymus cortex leads to reduced production of T lymphocytes, including T cells, NK cells, B lymphocytes. Frequency and severity of infectio...

Gas exchange - partial pressure, locations, external and internal respiration

By: HWC, Views: 7894

▪ In a mixture, each individual gas exerts a pressure that is proportional to the concentration of that gas within the mixture. • This part of the total pressure is called a "partial pressure". • A gas moves along the part of the pressure gradient determined by its own concentration. ...

Digestive System Animation

By: Administrator, Views: 10999

Digestive system contains both primary and accessory organs for the conversion of food and fluids into a semiliquid that can be absorbed for the body to use. Three main functions: - Digestion - Absorption - Elimination With aging: - Digestive system becomes less motile. - Glandular sec...