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Male Reproductive System - The gonadotropin releasing hormone

By: HWC, Views: 8461

• Hormonal mechanisms that influence male reproductive function involve endocrine tissues contained in the: • Hypothalamus of the brain. • Anterior pituitary. • Testes. • In the hypothalamus, certain neurosecretory cells secrete gonadotropin- releasing hormone (GnRH). • GnRH ...

Male Reproductive System - Testosterone

By: HWC, Views: 8330

• Under the influence of FSH and testosterone, Sertoli cells produce androgen-binding protein (ABP) that binds to testosterone and maintains high levels of the hormone near spermatogenic cells. • Testosterone stimulates the final stages of spermatogenesis. • In addition, testosterone is...

Female Reproductive System - Hormonal regulation (GnRH) الجهاز التناسلي للأنثى - التنظيم الهرموني

By: HWC, Views: 8146

• There is a complex interaction between the anterior pituitary gland, the hypothalamus, the ovaries and the uterus that leads to the monthly changes that women experience during their monthly reproductive cycle. • Two monthly cycles constitute these changes: • Ovarian cycle. • Uter...

Phases of the Female Reproductive Cycle - Hormonal regulation

By: HWC, Views: 8171

FSH, LH and estrogen • FSH travels through the bloodstream from the anterior pituitary to the ovaries. • FSH promotes follicular growth. Increased follicular growth promotes estrogen production. • Small increases in blood estrogen levels inhibit the release of FSH and LH into the bl...

Glycolysis - and oxygen

By: HWC, Views: 7982

The first reactions involve a single 6-carbon glucose sugar undergoing phosphorylation using two ATP molecules and resulting in two 3-carbon compounds. • The rest of this pathway involves an oxidation reduction reaction, forming two reduced coenzymes, and generation of four ATP molecules. ...

Krebs cycle : Formation of acetyl coenzyme A and Electron transport chain

By: HWC, Views: 7809

The oxidation of glucose to produce ATP is cellular respiration. Four sets of reactions are involved: Glycolysis Formation of acetyl coenzyme A Krebs cycle reactions Electron transport chain reactions • The second pathway of glucose catabolism, formation of acetyl coenzyme A, is a transi...

Protein catabolism (Krebs cycle) and Protein anabolism (protein synthesis)

By: HWC, Views: 8172

• Deaminated acids are brought into the Krebs cycle to be oxidized to CO2 and H2O. • Before entering the Krebs cycle, the deaminated acids are converted into intermediate products (pyruvic acid, acetyl coenzyme A, carbonic acids). • In the Krebs cycle, amino acids are oxidized to form r...

Splitting of Sugar, Oxidation/ Reduction & ATP Generation

By: HWC, Views: 7476

The next reaction shows us the meaning of "glycolysis" or the splitting of glucose. The fructose bisphosphate molecule is split into two molecules each containing 3 carbons as the backbone. FBP is split into two 3-carbon molecules called G3P, or glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate. Notice that the phos...

Fermentation - When Oxygen Is Absent, Pyruvate to Lactate & Pyruvate to Ethanol

By: HWC, Views: 7279

Pyruvate is the end product of glycolysis. If oxygen is present, pyruvate enters the mitochondrion where further energy yielding reactions of the Krebs cycle will take place. However, if oxygen is not present, pyruvate will enter a pathway called fermentation. This pathway regenerates NAD+ fro...