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Male Reproductive System - Testosterone

By: HWC, Views: 7242

• Under the influence of FSH and testosterone, Sertoli cells produce androgen-binding protein (ABP) that binds to testosterone and maintains high levels of the hormone near spermatogenic cells. • Testosterone stimulates the final stages of spermatogenesis. • In addition, testosterone is...

Regulation of GFR: autoregulation via myogenic mechanism Myogenic mechanism

By: HWC, Views: 8137

• GFR can be regulated by adjusting: • Blood flow in and out of the glomerular capillaries. • Surface area of glomerular capillaries. • There are three main ways to make these adjustments: • Renal autoregulation. • Nervous regulation. • Renal autoregulation occurs when...

Summary of female reproductive cycle days 1-28

By: HWC, Views: 7090

■ The first five days of the cycle include the menstrual phase. ■ Progesterone and estrogen levels are low. ■ Menses occurs. ■ GnRH pulses more frequently promoting FSH and LH levels to rise. ■ Primary follicles are stimulated to develop. ■ Days five through thirteen consist o...

Hormones and the menstrual cycle Animation

By: HWC, Views: 3571

Feedback loops to the hypothalamus and pituitary gland from the ovaries during the menstrual cycle Animation for a step-by-step explanation. Production of a releasing hormone (GnRH) by the hypothalamus prods the pituitary's anterior lobe to release FSH and LH. In the ovary, FSH and LH stimula...

Negative Feedback Regulation of Blood Pressure

By: HWC, Views: 6654

stimulus • Blood pressure determines the flow of blood to and from capillaries. • Low blood pressure results in reduced blood flow. • High blood pressure can cause blood vessels to break. Baroreceptors • The aortic arch carries blood to the body. • The common carotids ca...

Forming urine ( influencing factors), Forming dilute urine & Forming concentrated urine

By: HWC, Views: 7113

• The amount of urine produced by the nephron depends on : • Body fluid volume. • Body fluid composition. • Dilute urine is formed when the body is normally hydrated. • The medullary osmotic gradient determines the osmolarity of the filtrate. • Filtrate osmolarity increase...

Regulation of GFR: autoregulation via tubuloglomerular feedback, neural & hormonal regulation

By: HWC, Views: 7816

• When blood pressure is above normal, rapid filtrate flow reduces ion retention so filtrate in tubule has more Na+, C1-, and water. • It is believed that vasoconstricting chemicals from the juxtaglomerular cells are released when the macula densa cells detect higher water and ion levels in ...

Medullary osmotic gradient - influencing factors

By: HWC, Views: 7010

▪ Maintenance of fluid volume and composition, despite changes in water input and output, is crucial to a healthy life. ▪ Regulation of blood's osmolarity, or solute concentration, is a function of the nephron. • Normal osmolarity is maintained by the ability of the nephron to alter uri...

Stroke volume - afterload definition & hypertension

By: HWC, Views: 6149

• Pressure (or other resisting force) that ventricles must overcome to push open semilunar valves and eject blood. ▪ Normally, the left ventricle blood pressure must overcome arterial pressure in the aorta. ▪ Abnormally high blood pressure, or hypertension, increases aortic pressure w...