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Role of the respiratory system - effect of altered ventilation rates

By: HWC, Views: 7595

• Dissociation of the chemical substances in the body fluids can result in the production of free hydrogen ions. • The pH scale is used to measure the concentration of hydrogen ions in solution. • Normal blood pH values vary around 7.4. • When hydrogen ion concentration increases, t...

Acid-base imbalances - compensation of respiratory acidosis and alkalosis

By: HWC, Views: 7862

• When one pH balancing system is affected then the other balancing system attempts to correct, or compensate for, the pH imbalance. - Respiratory acidosis: • Excessive CO2 is present so blood pH becomes acidic. • Compensation is increased secretion of H+ into urine and reabsorption ...

Barriers - eye structures, digestive mucosa, respiratory mucosa & genitourinary mucosa

By: HWC, Views: 8038

• Eyebrows, eyelids, eyelashes and conjunctiva serve to trap microbes preventing their invasion. • Tearing (lacrimation) is a protective mechanism that washes away microbes that attempt to enter the eyes. • Salts, mucus, and lysozymes in tears neutralize substances and bacteria. â€...

Cardiac Cycle (Part 4 of 4)

By: Administrator, Views: 10887

Diastole and systole are two phases of the cardiac cycle. They occur as the heart beats, pumping blood through a system of blood vessels that carry blood to every part of the body. Systole occurs when the heart contracts to pump blood out, and diastole occurs when the heart relaxes after contract...

Acid-base imbalances - compensation of metabolic acidosis and alkalosis

By: HWC, Views: 8009

1. Metabolic acidosis: • Few HC03- ions are present so blood pH becomes acidic. • Compensation is increased respiratory rate and more CO2 is removed from the blood. • Blood pH returns to normal. 2. Metabolic alkalosis: • Many HC03- ions are present so blood pH becomes alkaline...

Ventilation - phases and driving forces

By: HWC, Views: 7802

Respiration is the exchange of gases between the atmosphere, blood, and cells The combination of 3 processes is required for respiration to occur Ventilation (breathing) External (pulmonary) respiration Internal (tissue) respiration The cardiovascular system assists the respiratory system b...

Asthma Treatment

By: Administrator, Views: 10854

Acute exacerbations of asthma can require management in the emergency department. The child is placed in a semisitting position to facilitate respiratory effort.

Lung Sounds Animation (2 of 5)

By: Administrator, Views: 323

Respiratory rates for some different age groups: Newborn 30 – 80/min 1st year 20 – 40/min 5th year 20 – 25/min 15th year 15 – 20/min Adult 12 – 20/min

Gas exchange - driving force

By: HWC, Views: 7804

• The respiratory system is responsible for the movement of gases involved in cellular metabolism. • Oxygen is used up and carbon dioxide is generated during the aerobic breakdown of glucose and other fuel molecules in order to produce ATP. • Three important continuous physiological pro...