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Chronology of leptin research (A history of leptin research)

By: HWC, Views: 3750

In 1950. researchers at Jackson Laboratories noticed that one of their mice had become extremely obese—it had an insatiable appetite. Intrigued, they bred a strain of mice showing this characteristic. In the late 1960s, researchers surgically connected the bloodstreams of a normal mouse and a...

Neuron Type Animation

By: Administrator, Views: 9644

Interneurons: - Are called central or associative neurons. - Located entirely within the central nervous system. - They function to mediate impulses between sensory and motor neurons.

Stomach peristalsis & Enterogastric reflex

By: HWC, Views: 6078

• Food enters, distending the stomach. • Stretch receptors activate enteric reflexes that promote peristaltic movements. • These movements, called mixing waves, begin to mix the food with stomach secretions. • Mixing waves force the digesting food (chyme) toward and through the pylo...

Methods that regulate pH

By: HWC, Views: 6830

• The blood flow redistributes fluids that have different pH values between body regions. • The regulation of the blood pH is important to maintain homeostasis. • Blood pH is regulated by: • Chemical buffers. • The respiratory system. • The urinary system. • All thes...

Labor and Childbirth - The Three Stages of Labor: Dilation, Expulsion & Placental مراحل الولادة

By: HWC, Views: 7148

Regulation of labor and birth - effects of estrogen and oxytocin on onset of labor • Just prior to birth, high placental corticotropin-releasing hormone levels stimulate the production of more estrogen. • High estrogen levels overcome the inhibitory effects of progesterone on uterine sm...

Effect of blood chemistry - stimuli, hyperventilation response and hypoventilation response

By: HWC, Views: 6436

• Respiratory rate is effected by changes in: • Blood pH. • Blood Pco2. • Blood P02. • Chemoreceptors in the central and peripheral nervous systems closely monitor the Fr, CO2 and 02 levels in blood. • Changes in frequency of impulses from Chemoreceptors affect respiratory r...

Endocrine System Animation

By: Administrator, Views: 1008

Vital function of endocrine system: Production and regulation of chemical substances called hormones. Hormones Chemical transmitters released in small amounts and transported via bloodstream to a target organ or other cells. Transfer information and instructions from one set of cells to anot...

Structures that affect circulation - venous return

By: HWC, Views: 6471

• Venous return directly affects cardiac output. • Increased venous return leads directly to greater cardiac output whereas decreased return contributes to decreased output. • Venous return depends on: • Blood volume regulation by the kidneys. • Venous tone. • Skeletal muscl...

Embryonic development - Week 4

By: HWC, Views: 6850

• The flat trilaminar embryonic disc undergoes embryonic folding to form a three-dimensional cylinder shaped embryo. • Most organ systems continue, or start, to develop (organogenesis): • The nervous system and chorion continue to develop. • The heart and the rest of the cardiovas...