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Introduction to Body Systems Animation

By: Administrator, Views: 751

Systems: A group of different organs functioning together for a common purpose.

Types of Transport - Uniport, Antiport and Symport (Glucose and Na+K+ Transporters)

By: HWC, Views: 7387

Some transport proteins bind and transport molecules very selectively. Uniport is the transport of one solute molecule. Symport is the transports of two solute molecules in the same direction. Antiport is the transports of two solute molecules in opposite directions. 1. Glucose bin...

Oxygen transport - methods and oxyhemoglobin

By: HWC, Views: 7540

• The blood is the medium used for gas transport throughout the body. • Oxygen is only available in the lungs. Because the partial pressure of oxygen is higher in the alveoli than in the blood, oxygen diffuses into the blood and is transported to systemic cells. • At the tissues the par...

Glycolysis - and oxygen

By: HWC, Views: 7983

The first reactions involve a single 6-carbon glucose sugar undergoing phosphorylation using two ATP molecules and resulting in two 3-carbon compounds. • The rest of this pathway involves an oxidation reduction reaction, forming two reduced coenzymes, and generation of four ATP molecules. ...

Protein digestion - stomach & small intestine

By: HWC, Views: 7193

• Protein digestion occurs in the stomach and small intestine. • The stomach enzyme pepsin initiates the process. • Pancreatic and intestinal brush border enzymes complete the digestive process. • In the stomach, pepsin is created from pepsinogen in the presence of pH-lowering hyd...

Major Elements in Biological Molecules: Nucleic acids

By: HWC, Views: 7629

DNA and RNA are nucleic acids (polymers of nucleotides). Two polymers with complementary nucleotide sequences can pair with each other. This pairing endows nucleic acids with the ability to store, transmit, and retrieve genetic information. Two strands of DNA pair by hydrogen bonding. A compon...

ribosome

By: HWC, Views: 7466

The trp operon in E. coli contains five structural genes corresponding to enzymes that convert chorismate into tryptophan. The trpE gene contains a 5' untranslated region that plays an important role in the regulatory mechanism called attenuation. The 5' UTR contains four regions. Region 1 en...

ACTH/Cortisol (glycogenolysis, protein catabolism, lipolysis and gluconeogenesis)

By: HWC, Views: 7576

• A decline in blood glucose concentration stimulates corticotropic cells in the anterior pituitary to produce adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). • ACTH binds with cells in the zona fasciculata of the adrenal cortex. • Increased ACTH promotes the production of cortisol, the major gluco...

Protein Structure - Primary, Secondary, Tertiary and Quaternary

By: HWC, Views: 7655

A protein's first order structure, or primary structure, begins with the amino acid sequence of the polypeptide chain. The 20 different amino acids can be arranged in an infinite number of sequences. For example, the hormone insulin, which regulates the uptake of glucose from the blood into ce...