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Cell mediated immune response to a viral infection Animation

By: HWC, Views: 4862

Intracellular pathogens are the targets of cell-mediated immune response. The process begins when a virus infects a macrophage. Another macrophage engulfs the same virus or an antigen from it. In both cells, enzymes cleave the viral antigens into small bits. The fragments move to the cell sur...

Introduction to Insulin

By: Administrator, Views: 13022

The islets of Langerhans are composed of three major types of cells: Alpha cells secrete glucagon, elevating blood sugar. Beta cells secrete insulin, maintaining normal blood sugar. Delta cells secrete somatostatin, which suppresses release of glucagon and insulin. Hyposecretion or inadequa...

Helper T cell receptors, activation, proliferation, differentiation & action

By: HWC, Views: 9025

• Most cells which have CD4 on their surface become Helper T cells (TN cells). • The CD4 1 cells only recognize a foreign antigen when it is presented with an antigen presenting immune cell (APC) that includes MHC-II protein. • The Helper T cell antigen receptor must match the presented...

Vascular tissues in a corn stem and a buttercup root

By: HWC, Views: 3362

Vascular tissues in a corn stem and a buttercup root. The cells that make up each tissue. Xylem conducts water and dissolved ions. It also helps mechanically support a plant. The cells, called vessel members and tracheids, are dead at maturity. Their lignified walls interconnect and serve as p...

Hyperglycemia Animation

By: Administrator, Views: 13451

Hyperglycemia means high (hyper) glucose (gly) in the blood (emia). Your body needs glucose to properly function. Your cells rely on glucose for energy. Hyperglycemia is a defining characteristic of diabetes—when the blood glucose level is too high because the body isn't properly using or doesn...

Bone cells and tissues - tissue composition and cells

By: HWC, Views: 9728

Bone tissue consists of bone cells secreting bone matrix. • The extracellular bone matrix is a connective tissue that is hard, yet flexible. • Collagen fibers provide flexibility. • Inorganic mineral salts (primarily calcium phosphate, or hydroxyapatite) provide hardness. • Togethe...

Inflammatory response Animation

By: HWC, Views: 5409

Any tissue damage or bacterial invasion can bring about inflammation. The inflammatory response can be triggered by an invasion of bacteria, or by a cut or other physical damage to cells. Chemicals, such as histamine, released by the bacteria or damaged cells. accumulate in the tissue. Thes...

Cellular defenses (natural killer cells, phagocyte types & process of phagocytosis)

By: HWC, Views: 8651

• Lymphocytes that rapidly defend against abnormal (cancer) or virus-infected cells. • Found in blood, spleen, lymph nodes, and red bone marrow. • Lack receptors for binding with specific antigens. • Act upon cells displaying abnormal MHC antigens. • NK cells destroy cells in ...

Type of Cell Junctions - Desmosome, Hemidesmosomes and Gap Junctions

By: HWC, Views: 9242

Cell Junctions: Cell junctions are found in some multi-cellular organisms. They exist of complexes and are found between cells and between cells and other structures. The junctions provide a way for cells to connect and exchange signals. What are tight junctions, desmosomes, and gap junctions...