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Acid-base imbalances - compensation of metabolic acidosis and alkalosis

By: HWC, Views: 6944

1. Metabolic acidosis: • Few HC03- ions are present so blood pH becomes acidic. • Compensation is increased respiratory rate and more CO2 is removed from the blood. • Blood pH returns to normal. 2. Metabolic alkalosis: • Many HC03- ions are present so blood pH becomes alkaline...

Hormonal regulation of pregnancy - week 1

By: HWC, Views: 6985

• During pregnancy, hormones play a significant role in triggering changes in the mother and fetus. • Ormones : • Maintain the lining of the uterus and prevent menstruation. Prepare the mammary glands for lactation. • Increase flexibility of the pubic symphysis. • Affect the mot...

Genetics of Cancer

By: Administrator, Views: 9796

Cancer refers to any malignant tumor. Incidence of cancer is five times higher than 100 years ago. Strikes 1 of every 3 Americans. Has become one of the more treatable of the major diseases in the U.S. Highly advanced surgical techniques Chemotherapy and radiation therapy Immunotherapy and ...

Renin/Angiotensin (water gain from urine & Na ion and water reabsorption)

By: HWC, Views: 6568

• Sensing declining blood pressure or blood volume, juxtaglomerular cells of the nephron release renin, an enzyme that promotes the formation of angiotensin II. • Angiotensin II targets smooth muscle cells in blood vessels that provide blood to the nephron. • Angiotensin II causes thes...

Nervous pathway to the Neuromuscular (NMJ)

By: HWC, Views: 7187

• A nervous impulse, also called an action potential, starts from the brain or spinal cord to signal skeletal muscle cell contraction. Action potentials continue along a motor neuron to the muscle cell. • The signal to contract must cross a synapse - the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) - betwe...

Acid-base imbalances - compensation of respiratory acidosis and alkalosis

By: HWC, Views: 6820

• When one pH balancing system is affected then the other balancing system attempts to correct, or compensate for, the pH imbalance. - Respiratory acidosis: • Excessive CO2 is present so blood pH becomes acidic. • Compensation is increased secretion of H+ into urine and reabsorption ...

Primary Active Transport - electrochemical gradient and ion transport / water movement

By: HWC, Views: 6778

Energy derived from ATP changes the shape of a transporter protein which pumps a substance across a plasma membrane against its concentration gradient An electrochemical gradient is a gradient of electrochemical potential, usually for an ion that can move across a membrane. The gradient consis...

Dendrite Animation

By: Administrator, Views: 10062

Dendrites (from Greek δένδρον déndron, "tree"), also dendrons, are branched protoplasmic extensions of a nerve cell that propagate the electrochemical stimulation received from other neural cells to the cell body, or soma, of the neuron from which the dendrites project. Electrical stimula...

Role of transport in a cell

By: HWC, Views: 6819

Transport of chemicals across the plasma membrane provides the following functions: Importing molecules for the maintenance of metabolic processes. Exporting chemicals produced by the cell or waste products. Communicating with other cells, allowing for the generation and conduction of a...