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Neuron structure and function - sensory neurons, association neurons & motor neurons

By: HWC, Views: 7669

• The primary function of the nervous system is to provide rapid communication within the body to maintain homeostasis. • This function underlies behaviors, thinking and control of organ functions. • The basic functions of the nervous system are provided by: • Sensory neurons • ...

Second Messengers in the Inositol-lipid Signaling Pathway

By: HWC, Views: 7009

Extracellular signals produce specific responses in target cells through the action of intracellular second messengers. Here, we focus on three second messengers, IP3, DAG, and Ca2+, all involved in the inositol-lipid signaling pathway. A hormone-receptor signal on the cell surface leads to the a...

Negative Feedback Regulation of Blood Pressure

By: HWC, Views: 7733

stimulus • Blood pressure determines the flow of blood to and from capillaries. • Low blood pressure results in reduced blood flow. • High blood pressure can cause blood vessels to break. Baroreceptors • The aortic arch carries blood to the body. • The common carotids ca...

Gastrin (protein digestion)

By: HWC, Views: 7742

The endocrine system maintains many body conditions within normal limits with feedback loops. Each endocrine feedback loop maintains homeostasis using the following components: • Stimulus - a change in a body condition. • Production cell - an endocrine cell that produces a hormone after b...

Muscle Twitch and Muscle Tension - Motor unit size and force

By: HWC, Views: 7975

• A motor unit is a group of muscle cells controlled by a single neuron. • A stimulus of sufficient intensity will cause all the cells in the motor unit to contract. • A single contraction, caused by a single action potential, is called a muscle twitch. • Latent period: A brief per...

Central Nervous System Animation

By: Administrator, Views: 10850

Consists of the brain and spinal cord. CNS receives impulses from throughout the body processes the information responds with an appropriate action Brain and spinal cord can be divided into: gray matter (unsheathed cell bodies and true dendrites) white matter (myelinated nerve fibers) ...

Muscle cell structures - actin, myosin and titin filaments

By: HWC, Views: 7889

Once the muscle cell has been excited it will contract. • A muscle action potential will trigger the release Of Ca2+ ions into the sarcoplasm. • The Ca2+ ions bind to the regulatory proteins and trigger contraction. • Within skeletal muscle cells are structures that provide the ability...

Red Blood Cells - Erythropoietin (EPO)

By: HWC, Views: 7725

• The endocrine system maintains many body conditions within normal limits with feedback loops. Each endocrine feedback loop maintains homeostasis using the following components: • Stimulus - a change in a body condition. • Production cell - an endocrine cell that produces a hormone aft...

Barriers - eye structures, digestive mucosa, respiratory mucosa & genitourinary mucosa

By: HWC, Views: 8038

• Eyebrows, eyelids, eyelashes and conjunctiva serve to trap microbes preventing their invasion. • Tearing (lacrimation) is a protective mechanism that washes away microbes that attempt to enter the eyes. • Salts, mucus, and lysozymes in tears neutralize substances and bacteria. â€...