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Import of Dietary Glucose from Intestines to Bloodstream

By: HWC, Views: 7148

• Membranes have hydrophobic interiors. which resist the passage of hydrophilic compounds and ions. • However. transporter membrane proteins facilitate the passage of these molecules. • Passive transporters accelerate diffusion of molecules towards equilibrium (decrease a concentrat...

Hyperglycemia Animation

By: Administrator, Views: 12283

Hyperglycemia means high (hyper) glucose (gly) in the blood (emia). Your body needs glucose to properly function. Your cells rely on glucose for energy. Hyperglycemia is a defining characteristic of diabetes—when the blood glucose level is too high because the body isn't properly using or doesn...

Carbohydrate Metabolism: Introduction to renal processes and filtrate formation and composition

By: HWC, Views: 7902

• At the nephron, the three process responsible for the formation of urine include: • Glomerular filtration. • Tubular reabsorption. • Tubular secretion. • During filtration, a filtrate is formed within the renal tubule. • Reabsorption is the conserving of water and many s...

Resting membrane potential - electrical polarity and maintenance requirements

By: HWC, Views: 7462

• A resting membrane potential exists when there is a buildup of: 1. positive ions outside the membrane. 2. negative ions inside the membrane. • Membranes with opposing charges are said to be polarized. • The difference in charge applies only to the small distance across the membran...

ETC Protein Complexes & Chemiosmosis (Total ATP Production and ATP Synthase)

By: HWC, Views: 7422

You will notice that FADH2 donates two electrons further downstream than NADH. This results in only two protons being pumped across the inner membrane. The final electron acceptor for these transported electrons is oxygen. Oxygen receives these electrons, plus protons from the aqueous matrix. ...

Epinephrine/NE (heart rate, altered blood flow, glycogenolysis & bronchodilation)

By: HWC, Views: 7656

• Stressors trigger increased sympathetic stimulation from the hypothalamus to the chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla. • This causes the immediate release of epinephrine and norepinephrine (NE). • Epinephrine/NE binds to the cardiac muscles of the heart. • Cardiac muscle cells ...

Contraction cycle of a sarcomere

By: HWC, Views: 8178

• A single nervous signal releases Ca2+ ions into the sarcoplasm and initiates the contraction cycle. step 1. ATP hydrolysis • ATP provides the to move myosin molecules back into the energized configuration necessary to perform the power stroke. Step 2. Crossbridge attachment • Myosin...

Parathyroid hormone (bone resorption) & Calcitonin (bone deposition)

By: HWC, Views: 7692

• Cellular needs for calcium may cause blood calcium concentrations to decline below the normal range. • This decrease stimulates cells in the parathyroid gland to secrete parathyroid hormone. • Binding of parathyroid hormone to osteoclasts in bone tissue promotes bone resorption and th...

How eudicots (true dicots) differ from monocots Animation

By: HWC, Views: 2551

Most flowering plants are either monocots or eudicots. They have the same tissues, but slightly different features. Monocot seeds have a single cotyledon, or seed leaf. Eudicot seeds have two cotyledons. Monocot flowers usually have petals and other floral parts in multiples of three. Flow...