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Respiratory System Animation

By: Administrator, Views: 373

Respiratory system: nose pharynx larynx trachea bronchi lungs Respiratory system’s primary function: Furnish oxygen (O2) for use by individual tissue cells and take away their gaseous waste product, carbon dioxide (CO2), through act of respiration. External respiration Lungs are vent...

Leukemia

By: Administrator, Views: 11312

Leukemia is a type of cancer that affects the blood and bone marrow. Leukemia begins in a cell in the bone marrow. The cell undergoes a change and becomes a type of leukemia cell. Once the marrow cell undergoes a leukemic change, the leukemia cells may grow and survive better than normal cells.

Energy sources - types

By: HWC, Views: 7929

• The amount of ATP stored in a skeletal muscle cell can only provide muscular activity for two to three seconds. • Muscle cells must be able to generate additional molecules of ATP to continue contracting. • Muscle cells can generate ATP from several processes: • Phosphogen syste...

Nucleic acid digestion - brush border enzymes, end products & transport mechanism

By: HWC, Views: 7534

• Further digestion occurs at the microvilli (brush border) of the epithelial cells of the villi in the small intestine. • Two brush border enzymes complete nucleic acid digestion: • Phosphatases, which catalyze the cleavage of a phosphate to form a nucleoside (nitrogenous base and pent...

Secretin (inhibiting gastric acid secretion), Cholecystokinin (fat digestion) & Cholecystokinin

By: HWC, Views: 7569

• As chyme approaches the small intestine, secretin also targets acid-producing parietal cells in the gastric mucosa. • Increased secretin inhibits gastric add secretion. • With less gastric acid produced, the chyme going into the intestine is less acidic. • The hormone CCK also reg...

HIV Infection: Viral life cycle

By: HWC, Views: 7099

The series of steps that HIV follows to multiply in the body. The process begins when HIV encounters a CD4 cell. The seven steps in the HIV life cycle are: 1) binding; 2) fusion; 3) reverse transcription; 4) integration; 5) replication; 6) assembly; and 7) budding. Many viruses f...

Angiotensin II - kidneys, adrenal glands and dehydration

By: HWC, Views: 7876

• Angiontensin II targets cells in the proximal convoluted tubule of the nephron. ■ The reabsorption of Na+ and Cl- ions sets up an osmotic gradient favoring the retention of water. • Decreases urine production and increases blood volume and pressure. • Angiontensin II targets zon...

Mechanics of Sound Animation

By: Administrator, Views: 11000

Process of Hearing Sound waves are directed to the eardrum, causing it to vibrate. These vibrations move the three small bones of the middle ear (malleus, incus, and stapes). Movement of stapes at oval window sets up pressure waves in the perilymph and endolymph. Process of Hearing The wav...

Role of the urinary system - acidosis and alkalosis

By: HWC, Views: 7970

• Tubular cells of the proximal convoluted tubule and collecting tubules can alter filtrate pH and therefore blood pH. • These cells can affect blood pH with two coupled mechanisms: • Reabsorption of bicarbonate ions. • Secretion of hydrogen ions. • The reabsorption of bicarbonate...