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Major Elements in Biological Molecules: Nucleic acids

By: HWC, Views: 7652

DNA and RNA are nucleic acids (polymers of nucleotides). Two polymers with complementary nucleotide sequences can pair with each other. This pairing endows nucleic acids with the ability to store, transmit, and retrieve genetic information. Two strands of DNA pair by hydrogen bonding. A compon...

Kinetic parameters & Kinetic experiment

By: HWC, Views: 7613

Kinetics is a measure of the speed or rate of a chemical reaction. A study of kinetics allows us to determine which variables to control (temperature, reactants, catalysts) and how to vary them in order to maximize the amount of products formed and minimize the time involved. Vmax = maximum ve...

Stress and Immune System Animation

By: Administrator, Views: 10951

How stress and the immune system are linked. Immune response declines with age, limiting body's ability to identify and fight foreign substances. Loss of thymus cortex leads to reduced production of T lymphocytes, including T cells, NK cells, B lymphocytes. Frequency and severity of infectio...

Resting membrane potential - electrical polarity and maintenance requirements

By: HWC, Views: 7496

• A resting membrane potential exists when there is a buildup of: 1. positive ions outside the membrane. 2. negative ions inside the membrane. • Membranes with opposing charges are said to be polarized. • The difference in charge applies only to the small distance across the membran...

Digestive System Animation

By: Administrator, Views: 11009

Digestive system contains both primary and accessory organs for the conversion of food and fluids into a semiliquid that can be absorbed for the body to use. Three main functions: - Digestion - Absorption - Elimination With aging: - Digestive system becomes less motile. - Glandular sec...

Stages of Mitosis - Prophase, Prometaphase, Metaphase, Anaphase & Telophase

By: HWC, Views: 7459

In mitosis, the nucleus divides to produce two nuclei that are genetically identical to each other and to the parent nucleus. To prepare for division, the DNA replicates in the preceding interphase. Although the chromosomes are not yet compacted and visible as discrete bodies, we illustrate them ...

X chromosome inactivation in calico cats

By: HWC, Views: 4699

X chromosome inactivation causes a mosaic tissue effect in calico cats. what makes this female calico cat "calico." Like all mammals, this cat began her life as a single cell. That cell had two X chromosomes, one from each parent. One of the chromosomes carried a dominant allele for the ...

Forearm Movement Animation

By: Administrator, Views: 372

Muscles of both the upper arm and forearm control movement of the forearm. The biceps brachii flex the forearm and work with the supinator of the forearm to rotate it so the palm faces upward. The pronator teres and quadratus control pronation, or rotation of the forearm so that the palm faces do...

Calvin cycle (The light-independent reactions )

By: HWC, Views: 7499

The light-independent reactions of photosynthesis occur in the stroma of the chloroplast. Carbon dioxide enters the leaf through tiny pores or stomata and diffuses into the chloroplast. The first stage of the Calvin cycle is the attachment of a carbon dioxide molecule to a 5-carbon ribulose bi...