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Regulation of GFR: three methods, autoregulation & autoregulation via myogenic mechanism

By: HWC, Views: 8180

• GFR can be regulated by adjusting: • Blood flow in and out of the glomerular capillaries. • Surface area of glomerular capillaries. • There are three main ways to make these adjustments: • Renal autoregulation. • Nervous regulation. • Hormonal regulation. • Ren...

Epinephrine/NE (heart rate, altered blood flow, glycogenolysis & bronchodilation)

By: HWC, Views: 7678

• Stressors trigger increased sympathetic stimulation from the hypothalamus to the chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla. • This causes the immediate release of epinephrine and norepinephrine (NE). • Epinephrine/NE binds to the cardiac muscles of the heart. • Cardiac muscle cells ...

Mechanisms of capillary exchange

By: HWC, Views: 7892

■ The primary role of capillaries is to permit the exchange of nutrients and wastes between the blood and tissue cells (via interstitial fluid). ■ Oxygen and nutrients move from the blood to the cells. ■ Carbon dioxide and other wastes move from the cells to the blood. The three ba...

Bulk flow - Factors that influence bulk flow

By: HWC, Views: 7945

• Bulk flow helps regulate the relative volumes of blood and interstitial fluid. • Flow from blood to interstitium is called filtration. ■ Flow from interstitium to blood is called reabsorption. ■ Four factors determine the net direction of capillary exchange. ■ These factors in...

Regulation of GFR: autoregulation via myogenic mechanism Myogenic mechanism

By: HWC, Views: 9213

• GFR can be regulated by adjusting: • Blood flow in and out of the glomerular capillaries. • Surface area of glomerular capillaries. • There are three main ways to make these adjustments: • Renal autoregulation. • Nervous regulation. • Renal autoregulation occurs when...

baroreceptors

By: HWC, Views: 7494

A baroreceptor is a specialized nerve ending that allows your brain to sense blood flow and blood pressure in the major blood vessels of your circulatory system. • The aortic arch carries blood to the body. • The common carotids carry blood to the head. • Baroreceptors measure chang...

Net filtration pressure and lymph formation, edema & blood velocity

By: HWC, Views: 7508

Bulk flow -net filtration pressure and lymph formation • The net filtration pressure (NFP) is the force promoting filtration minus the force promoting reabsorption. • At the arterial end of an ideal capillary, the filtration pressures are stronger. The result: net filtration. • At t...

Regulation of GFR: autoregulation via tubuloglomerular feedback, neural & hormonal regulation

By: HWC, Views: 8918

• When blood pressure is above normal, rapid filtrate flow reduces ion retention so filtrate in tubule has more Na+, C1-, and water. • It is believed that vasoconstricting chemicals from the juxtaglomerular cells are released when the macula densa cells detect higher water and ion levels in ...

Red Blood Cells - Erythropoietin (EPO)

By: HWC, Views: 7730

• The endocrine system maintains many body conditions within normal limits with feedback loops. Each endocrine feedback loop maintains homeostasis using the following components: • Stimulus - a change in a body condition. • Production cell - an endocrine cell that produces a hormone aft...