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Primary Active Transport - electrochemical gradient and ion transport / water movement

By: HWC, Views: 8450

Energy derived from ATP changes the shape of a transporter protein which pumps a substance across a plasma membrane against its concentration gradient An electrochemical gradient is a gradient of electrochemical potential, usually for an ion that can move across a membrane. The gradient consis...

Secondary Active Transport

By: HWC, Views: 8921

Energy stored (in a hydrogen or sodium concentration gradient) is used to drive other substances against their own concentration gradients Secondary active transport, is transport of molecules across the cell membrane utilizing energy in other forms than ATP. In many cells, antiporters mov...

Endocytosis -Types and Phagocytosis

By: HWC, Views: 8382

Endocytosis is the process by which a substance is brought inside a cell without having to pass through the cell membrane. It is the opposite of endocytosis, the process by which substances exit the cell without having to pass through the cell membrane. Exocytosis – membrane-enclosed secret...

Endocytosis - pinocytosis, receptor mediated and Transcytosis

By: HWC, Views: 8300

Pinocytosis is the process in which a cell "drinks" a tiny droplet Of extracellular fluid, including its solutes. Pinocytosis (Cell Drinking) is the process by which the cell takes in fluids (as well as any small molecules dissolved in those fluids). • The plasma membrane folds inward to...

Exocytosis - secretion

By: HWC, Views: 8328

Exocytosis is another method of vesicular transport that moves large volumes Of fluid or chemicals out of the cell. It is a process by which a cell transports secretory products through the cytoplasm to the plasma membrane. A examples of cellular secretory products: 1. Secreted protein - enzym...

Bone processes - resorption and deposition, remodeling and response to stress in adult bones

By: HWC, Views: 8555

• The process of remodeling bone tissues involves bone cells resorbing or depositing minerals into bone tissue. • During resorption, bone cells break down bone tissue and release calcium and other minerals for use by other cells in the body. • Bone cells also rebuild bone tissue by depo...

Bone cells and tissues - tissue composition and cells

By: HWC, Views: 9213

Bone tissue consists of bone cells secreting bone matrix. • The extracellular bone matrix is a connective tissue that is hard, yet flexible. • Collagen fibers provide flexibility. • Inorganic mineral salts (primarily calcium phosphate, or hydroxyapatite) provide hardness. • Togethe...

Bone tissue types - compact and spongy

By: HWC, Views: 8388

Bone tissue types • There are two types of bone tissue: compact and spongy. • All the bones of the skeleton have both kinds of bone tissue. • Compact (dense) bone • Arranged in osteons (Haversian systems), units of lamellae laid down in adjoining series of concentric rings. • P...

Bone Growth and Remodeling

By: HWC, Views: 8697

• After birth, bones grow in thickness and length. • Bones grow in diameter via appositional growth at the periosteum. • Epiphyseal plates enable lengthwise growth of long bones, such as the humerus, by interstitial growth. • Bone remodeling accommodates changing needs. • While th...