Search Results

Types of antimicrobial substances (interferons & complement protein)

By: HWC, Views: 8918

• Found in blood and interstitial fluids. • Discourage microbial growth. • Include interferon and complement proteins. • Produced and released by virus-infected lymphocytes. • Enter new cells and inhibit viral replication. • Act against a large variety of viruses (non-speci...

Protein Structure - Primary, Secondary, Tertiary and Quaternary

By: HWC, Views: 8821

A protein's first order structure, or primary structure, begins with the amino acid sequence of the polypeptide chain. The 20 different amino acids can be arranged in an infinite number of sequences. For example, the hormone insulin, which regulates the uptake of glucose from the blood into ce...

Muscle cell structures - actin, myosin and titin filaments

By: HWC, Views: 9066

Once the muscle cell has been excited it will contract. • A muscle action potential will trigger the release Of Ca2+ ions into the sarcoplasm. • The Ca2+ ions bind to the regulatory proteins and trigger contraction. • Within skeletal muscle cells are structures that provide the ability...

Proteins Defined, Hierarchy & Composition of Cells

By: HWC, Views: 8357

Proteins are long chains of amino acids linked together by peptide bonds. Together with the other three biological macromolecules—carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids—proteins are the building blocks of cells. Proteins are the most complex and abundant biological macromolecules in cel...

hGH (protein synthesis, growth and development)

By: HWC, Views: 9271

• Increased GHRH, a hypothalamic releasing hormone stimulated by low blood glucose, physical exertion, and increased sympathetic stimulation, stimulates the production of human growth hormone (hGH) from the somatotrophic cells of the anterior pituitary. • Human growth hormone targets cartil...

Facilitated Diffusion - Glucose transport

By: HWC, Views: 9141

Transmembrane proteins help solutes that are too polar or too highly charged move through the lipid bilayer The processes involved are: Channel mediated facilitated diffusion Carrier mediated facilitated diffusion In facilitated diffusion, molecules only move with the aid of a protein i...

Protein catabolism - deamination

By: HWC, Views: 9097

• Digestion hydrolyzes proteins into amino acids, which are transported to the bloodstream. • Amino acids and proteins are not stored. • Instead, they are: • Oxidized to generate ATP. • Used to synthesize new proteins. • Converted to carbohydrates or lipids for storage (if e...

Mechanisms for chromosome movement Animation

By: HWC, Views: 5873

At mitotic metaphase, the fully-formed spindle is composed of many microtubules that extend from the poles. Some of these, the kinetochore microtubules, are attached to the kinetochores of each chromosome. Kinetochores are located at the centromeres. At anaphase, sister chromatids separate and...

Structure of Amino Acid, Peptide Bonds & Polypeptides

By: HWC, Views: 8378

Here are the molecular formulas of three different amino acids. All amino acids share this backbone. The main difference between every amino acid is the side groups seen here, and these side groups give each of the amino acids their different characteristics. But before we get into that, let's ...