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Mechanisms of capillary exchange (transcytosis & bulk flow)

By: HWC, Views: 7412

â–  This method of capillary exchange is mainly used to transport small amounts of large, lipid-insoluble (water soluble) molecules, such as large proteins. â–  Substances, packaged in vesicles, move through endothelial cells via endocytosis and exocytosis. â–  This method of exchange is th...

Conduction of action potentials

By: HWC, Views: 7900

• Action potentials must be rapidly conducted over long distances in order for the nervous system to communicate with other cells. • Propagation of an action potential uses processes similar to those that generate the potential at the trigger zone. • a When a graded potential reaches ...

Carbohydrate Metabolism: Introduction to renal processes and filtrate formation and composition

By: HWC, Views: 7929

• At the nephron, the three process responsible for the formation of urine include: • Glomerular filtration. • Tubular reabsorption. • Tubular secretion. • During filtration, a filtrate is formed within the renal tubule. • Reabsorption is the conserving of water and many s...

Carbohydrate digestion - mouth and stomach & pancreas and small intestine

By: HWC, Views: 7502

• Digestion of complex carbohydrates (starches and glycogen) involves: • Amylases produced by the salivary glands and pancreas. • Brush-border enzymes in small intestine. • In the mouth, amylase from the parotid and submandibular salivary glands begins carbohydrate digestion. â€...

ATPase function - membrane transport, contractile proteins and synthesis

By: HWC, Views: 8111

• Energy from ATP is used to move ions across the cell membrane during active transport. • This membrane protein transports sodium out of the cell and potassium into the cell. As such, it is called a sodium-potassium pump. • Because this pump also acts as an enzyme to hydrolyze ATP it i...

Properties of water -structure of water and polarity (Ionized and polar compounds)

By: HWC, Views: 7873

â–  Water transports most of the molecules in the body. â–  The structure of a water molecule allows it to dissolve other molecules. â–  Shared electrons spend more time near the oxygen atom. â–  Oxygen end has a partial negative charge. â–  Hydrogen ends have a partial positive charge....

Hyperglycemia Animation

By: Administrator, Views: 12306

Hyperglycemia means high (hyper) glucose (gly) in the blood (emia). Your body needs glucose to properly function. Your cells rely on glucose for energy. Hyperglycemia is a defining characteristic of diabetes—when the blood glucose level is too high because the body isn't properly using or doesn...

Second Messengers in the Inositol-lipid Signaling Pathway

By: HWC, Views: 7017

Extracellular signals produce specific responses in target cells through the action of intracellular second messengers. Here, we focus on three second messengers, IP3, DAG, and Ca2+, all involved in the inositol-lipid signaling pathway. A hormone-receptor signal on the cell surface leads to the a...

Muscle Twitch and Muscle Tension - Motor unit size and force

By: HWC, Views: 7985

• A motor unit is a group of muscle cells controlled by a single neuron. • A stimulus of sufficient intensity will cause all the cells in the motor unit to contract. • A single contraction, caused by a single action potential, is called a muscle twitch. • Latent period: A brief per...