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Control of ventilation rate by other brain centers (posts, hypothalamus & cerebral cortex)

By: HWC, Views: 7666

Forced ventilation: • The inspiratory area stimulates accessory inspiratory muscles. • Inspiration is more forceful. • Inspiratory area activates expiratory area, which sends impulses to the expiratory muscles (internal intercostals and abdominal muscles). • Expiration muscles c...

Pressure volume relationships - Normal inspiration and expiration

By: HWC, Views: 7633

• Changing the relative pressure in the compartments can control the direction of airflow between compartments. • In a closed compartment, pressure and volume are inversely related. • Reducing the volume will increase the pressure. • Increasing the volume will decrease the pressure. ...

Basic rhythm - control centers in medulla oblongata, spirograph and normal tidal cycle

By: HWC, Views: 7575

• Normal ventilation is rhythmic and involves continuous cycles of inspiration and expiration. • Various regions of the brain closely regulate this rhythmic pattern of ventilation. • The rhythmicity area in the medulla regulates the basic rhythm of ventilation. • The medullary rhy...

Gas exchange - partial pressure, locations, external and internal respiration

By: HWC, Views: 7879

▪ In a mixture, each individual gas exerts a pressure that is proportional to the concentration of that gas within the mixture. • This part of the total pressure is called a "partial pressure". • A gas moves along the part of the pressure gradient determined by its own concentration. ...

Homeostasis (range of body conditions, normal limits, mild stresses & severe stresses)

By: HWC, Views: 7693

Homeostasis: • Provides relative stability of the internal environment. • Results from constant adjustments. • Regulated by regulatory processes. • Requires system interplay. • Normal limits. • Temporary stresses. • Disruptions requiring medical intervention. • D...

Aneurysm

By: Administrator, Views: 10553

An aneurysm refers to a weakening of an artery wall that creates a bulge, or distention, of the artery. Most aneurysms do not show symptoms and are not dangerous. However, at their most severe stage, some can rupture, leading to life-threatening internal bleeding.

Gas exchange - driving force

By: HWC, Views: 7790

• The respiratory system is responsible for the movement of gases involved in cellular metabolism. • Oxygen is used up and carbon dioxide is generated during the aerobic breakdown of glucose and other fuel molecules in order to produce ATP. • Three important continuous physiological pro...

Ventilation - phases and driving forces

By: HWC, Views: 7789

Respiration is the exchange of gases between the atmosphere, blood, and cells The combination of 3 processes is required for respiration to occur Ventilation (breathing) External (pulmonary) respiration Internal (tissue) respiration The cardiovascular system assists the respiratory system b...

Arthroscopy

By: Administrator, Views: 10785

Arthroscopic surgery involves the surgery of a joint with the use of a flexible arthroscope and other surgical tools. In this example, the surgeon inserts the arthroscope to evaluate the damage to the knee joint and then uses instruments to perform the necessary procedure. Arthrography: Diagn...