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Glucose anabolism reactions: Glycogenolysis and Gluconeogenesis

By: HWC, Views: 8092

• Glucose not needed immediately is stored as glycogen. The process that creates it is glycogenesis. • When ATP is needed for body activities, stored glycogen is broken down by a process called glycogenolysis. • Glucose can be formed through two different anabolic reactions: • Glycog...

Uterine (menstrual) cycle - phases

By: HWC, Views: 7713

• The uterus goes through a cyclical developmental pattern to be ready for implantation and support of an embryo. • The uterine, or menstrual, cycle is under the control of ovarian horrnones. • The uterine cycle also has three phases: • Menstrual phase • Proliferative phase â€...

Biological organic compounds

By: HWC, Views: 7116

Biological organic compounds contain covalent bonds, mainly C-C and C-H bonds, but also both C and H bonded to such other atoms as O and N. Some of these covalent bonds are nonpolar. Others are polar, either because one atom in the group "hogs" electrons away from other atoms in the group, or...

Methods of carbon dioxide transport - carbaminohemoglobin and bicarbonate ions

By: HWC, Views: 7779

• Carbon dioxide is transported three ways: • As bicarbonate ions in the plasma. • Bound to hemoglobin. • As a dissolved gas in the plasma. • A small percent of carbon dioxide is transported as a dissolved gas. • Some of the carbon dioxide is bound to hemoglobin, in the fo...

Enzyme structure - Properties of enzymes

By: HWC, Views: 7680

â–  Enzymes are proteins that catalyze reactions. â–  Some enzymes have two parts: a protein or apoenzyme and a non-protein or cofactor. â–  Cofactor can be a metal ion or another organic molecule called a coenzyme. â–  Coenzymes often come from vitamins. â–  Cofactors affect the shape of...

Functional zones in a mitochondrion

By: HWC, Views: 5658

A mitochondrion has a double membrane system. The outer membrane faces the cytoplasm. The inner membrane divides the organelles interior into two compartments. The enzymes that carry out the second stage reactions are in the semifluid matrix inside the inner compartment. Embedded in the ...

Normal and abnormal blood pH

By: HWC, Views: 7778

• Dissociation of the chemical substances in the body fluids can result in the production of free hydrogen ions. • The pH scale is used to measure the concentration of hydrogen ions in solution. • Normal blood pH values vary around 7.4. • When hydrogen ion concentration increases, t...

Introduction to Eating Disorders

By: Administrator, Views: 10610

An eating disorder is a mental disorder defined by abnormal eating habits that negatively affect a person's physical or mental health. They include binge eating disorder where people eat a large amount in a short period of time, anorexia nervosa where people eat very little and thus have a low bo...

Plant Defense Mechanisms from Pathogens

By: HWC, Views: 7183

Plants and pathogens have coevolved such that pathogens can recognize plants by the sugars, or other molecules, they produce. Plants, in turn, can recognize pathogens by the molecules they produce. The ability to recognize pathogens allows plants to activate defense systems that can prevent wides...