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Carbohydrate Metabolism: Introduction to renal processes and filtrate formation and composition

By: HWC, Views: 7921

• At the nephron, the three process responsible for the formation of urine include: • Glomerular filtration. • Tubular reabsorption. • Tubular secretion. • During filtration, a filtrate is formed within the renal tubule. • Reabsorption is the conserving of water and many s...

The Lac Operon in E. Coli

By: Administrator, Views: 11808

The lac operon (lactose operon) is an operon required for the transport and metabolism of lactose in Escherichia coli and many other enteric bacteria. Although glucose is the preferred carbon source for most bacteria, the lac operon allows for the effective digestion of lactose when glucose is no...

Acid-base imbalances - compensation of metabolic acidosis and alkalosis

By: HWC, Views: 8017

1. Metabolic acidosis: • Few HC03- ions are present so blood pH becomes acidic. • Compensation is increased respiratory rate and more CO2 is removed from the blood. • Blood pH returns to normal. 2. Metabolic alkalosis: • Many HC03- ions are present so blood pH becomes alkaline...

Acid-base imbalances - compensation of respiratory acidosis and alkalosis

By: HWC, Views: 7865

• When one pH balancing system is affected then the other balancing system attempts to correct, or compensate for, the pH imbalance. - Respiratory acidosis: • Excessive CO2 is present so blood pH becomes acidic. • Compensation is increased secretion of H+ into urine and reabsorption ...

Introduction to Photolithography - WC, BLF, PA, Hard and Soft baking

By: HWC, Views: 7341

Prior to use, wafers are chemically cleaned to remove particulate matter on the surface as well as any traces of organic, ionic, and metallic impurities. Barrier Layer Formation After cleaning, the silicon wafer is covered with the material which will serve as a barrier layer. The most commo...

Carbohydrate digestion - mouth and stomach & pancreas and small intestine

By: HWC, Views: 7498

• Digestion of complex carbohydrates (starches and glycogen) involves: • Amylases produced by the salivary glands and pancreas. • Brush-border enzymes in small intestine. • In the mouth, amylase from the parotid and submandibular salivary glands begins carbohydrate digestion. â€...

Mechanisms of capillary exchange

By: HWC, Views: 7892

â–  The primary role of capillaries is to permit the exchange of nutrients and wastes between the blood and tissue cells (via interstitial fluid). â–  Oxygen and nutrients move from the blood to the cells. â–  Carbon dioxide and other wastes move from the cells to the blood. The three ba...

Hormonal regulation of pregnancy - weeks 17 through 38

By: HWC, Views: 7996

• Estrogens increase uterine blood flow, maintaining the endometrium during pregnancy. • High levels of estrogen and progesterone inhibit the synthesis of milk. Progesterone inhibits myometrial contractions of the uterus to prevent premature birth. • Relaxin inhibits myometrial contract...

New DNA Strand Replication

By: HWC, Views: 7143

First step: strands are separated • Helicase unwinds the DNA double helix at the replication fork • SSBs coat the single strands to prevent reannealing • Polymerase attaches nucleotide at 3' end • Synthesis is in 5' to 3' direction DNA Polymerase: • Only extends nucleic ac...