Protein catabolism - deamination

• Digestion hydrolyzes proteins into amino acids, which are transported to the bloodstream. • Amino acids and proteins are not stored. • Instead, they are: • Oxidized to generate ATP. • Used to synthesize new proteins. • Converted to carbohydrates or lipids for storage (if excessive amounts accumulate). • Amino acids undergo a conversion before they are oxidized to carbon dioxide and water and generate ATP. • Before amino acids can be oxidized, they must be deaminated in the liver cells. • Oxidative deamination: • Removes amino group (NH2). • Forms highly toxic ammonium ions (NH4). • Ammonium ions are then combined with carbon dioxide into less toxic urea molecules.

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