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Enzyme structure - Properties of enzymes

By: HWC, Views: 7695

■ Enzymes are proteins that catalyze reactions. ■ Some enzymes have two parts: a protein or apoenzyme and a non-protein or cofactor. ■ Cofactor can be a metal ion or another organic molecule called a coenzyme. ■ Coenzymes often come from vitamins. ■ Cofactors affect the shape of...

The 4 steps of translation Animation

By: HWC, Views: 3566

Translation is the process of formation of a polypeptide chain according to codon present in mRNA. The four steps of translation are: Activation or charging of tRNA Initiation – recognition of start codon, binding of ribosomal subunits to mRNA and formation of initiation complex with Met-tR...

Introduction to filtration - filtrate formation and composition

By: HWC, Views: 7928

• At the nephron, the three process responsible for the formation of urine include: • Glomerular filtration. • Tubular reabsorption. • Tubular secretion. • During filtration, a filtrate is formed within the renal tubule. • Reabsorption is the conserving of water and many s...

Michaelis–Menten equation & Kinetic parameters

By: HWC, Views: 7511

The Michaelis–Menten equation is the rate equation for a one-substrate enzyme-catalyzed reaction. This equation relates the initial reaction rate (v0), the maximum reaction rate (Vmax), and the initial substrate concentration [S] through the Michaelis constant KM—a measure of the substrat...

Carbohydrate Metabolism: Introduction to renal processes and filtrate formation and composition

By: HWC, Views: 7923

• At the nephron, the three process responsible for the formation of urine include: • Glomerular filtration. • Tubular reabsorption. • Tubular secretion. • During filtration, a filtrate is formed within the renal tubule. • Reabsorption is the conserving of water and many s...

Peptide Bond Formation Animation

By: HWC, Views: 1558

During protein synthesis, peptide bonds link amino acids together in the order specified by DNA instructions. In this case, the first two amino acids in the protein are methionine and alanine. Here are ball-and-stick models of these amino acids. Peptide bond formation is a type of condensatio...

Embryonic development - Week 3

By: HWC, Views: 7775

Week 3 (gastrulation) • Three primary germ layers are formed which provide cells for organ formation in the following months. • These germ cell layers are formed by a process known as gastrulation, which involves rearranging epiblast cells. • As cells from the epiblast migrate, a fain...

Sperm Formation

By: HWC, Views: 5743

Spermatogenesis takes place inside the seminiferous tubules. Diploid spermatogonia located near the outer edge of the tubule divide mitotically to form primary spermatocytes. The first meiotic division produces secondary spermatocytes with a haploid number of duplicated chromosomes. T...

Mutations and translation

By: HWC, Views: 4266

A mutation, which may arise during replication and/or recombination, is a permanent change in the nucleotide sequence of DNA. Damaged DNA can be mutated either by substitution, deletion or insertion of base pairs. Mutations, for the most part, are harmless except when they lead to cell death or t...