Fermentation pathways

Both lactate fermentation and alcoholic fermentation begin with pyruvate formed by glycolysis. During lactate fermentation, pyruvate molecules accept electrons and hydrogen from NADH. This transfer regenerates NAD± and converts pyruvate to lactate. The net energy yield is the two ATP from glycolysis. In alcoholic fermentation, pyruvate is converted to the two-carbon fragment acetaldehyde, with the release of carbon dioxide. Acetaldehyde accepts electrons and hydrogen from NADH. This transfer regenerates NAD± and forms ethanol. The net energy yield is the two ATP from glycolysis.

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