Bond types - Atomic structure and basis of bonds

• Chemical bonds are fundamental to the structure and function of many types of molecules, such as proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids, gases, salts and water. ■ These molecules are composed of atoms that are held together by three different types of bonds. • The three types of bonds are covalent, ionic and hydrogen. ■ An atom consists of nucleus surrounded by electrons. ■ Electrons are found in orbitals around the nucleus. ■ Atoms are more stable when the outermost orbital is filled. ■ Atoms will shift electrons to fill up their outermost orbitals. ■ The basis of bonding is interaction of the outermost orbital electrons between atoms.

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